7  Lexicon of Old Shókë

7.1 Exclamation

Xoj! Wow!
Che! No!

7.2 Negation and interrogation

che no/not
question particle

Perhaps at this early stage of linguistic development, the separate question particle would be superfluous – perhaps a falling tone and/or gesture would be sufficient to disambiguate a question from a statement – as Old Shókë would have been a oral-only language. Perhaps a separate negation particle would be more of a middle-Shókë development.

7.3 Pointing words

kæt this
shox that (near)
nozh the other (far away)

7.4 Pronouns

First person: ke I/me keke we/us (exclusive of the addressee(s))
Second person: sho you (singular) shosho you (plural)
First+second: shoke we/us (inclusive of the addressee(s))
Third person: no he/she/him/her nono they/them

7.5 Nouns

chak ash
jitjit bird
…. blood
tok bone
…. child
xæth cloud
shama day
kun eye
kesh fire
trmrk fish
jidh feather
zhæx hair
dox home
næth leaf
xom moon
zhizh mosquito/fly
thothrk mushroom
xoma night
…. parent
shuk person
tæsh rain
gæch root
trm river
thoth soil
meka squirrel
koch stone
sha sun
dej tooth
dhæm tree
mrm water
shish wind

7.6 Verbs

mish breathe
katrk come
mrm-kætr drink
gæm eat
shoxtr give
trk go
…. hear
…. run
…. see – eye something?
shem sleep
shæx speak
kætr take
…. walk

7.7 Adjectives

mom round
tet flat
tik sharp
good
bad

7.8 To do

Sources: Dolgopolsky; Swadesh; Wierzbicka’s semantics primes

Nouns: a-long-time a-short-time air animal back bark-(tree) belly boat body breast buffalo burn-(noun) caribou cloth creature dust ear east egg face family fat-(noun) father finger fingernail fish flood flour flower fog foot forest fruit goat grass ground hair hand head heart horn house husband ice island jungle/forest knee knife lake leather leg liver louse man meat month mosquito mother mountain mouth music name neck north nose part poison rope salt sand sea seed sheep side skin sky smoke snake snow someone something south spouse star stick storm tail tear/teardrop thread tongue tooth village war west wife wing woman wood wool word worm year

Verbs: be-born be-called be-(someone/something) be-(somewhere) bite blow can count cut die dig do fall fear feel fight float flow fly freeze grow-(in-ground) happen hit hold hunt kill know know-(how-to-do-something) know-(someone) laugh learn lie lie-(bed) live make move nurse play pull push read rub say scratch sew sing sit smell something spit split squeeze stab stand suck swell swim think throw tie touch-(contact) turn-(intransitive) vomit want wash wipe

Adjectives: all bad big black cold dead dirty dry dull-(knife) far few flat full good green hard heavy here kind left long many more much/many my/mine narrow near new old other red right rotten round same short small smooth soft some straight sweet thick thin true warm wet white wide yellow

Adverbs: front in inside maybe now there very

Prepositions: above after around at before below to with

Conjunctions: and because if like/as/way

Numbers: one two three four five six seven eight nine ten

Interrogatives: how what when where who why

7.9 Raw material

These match Old Shókë phonotactics:

mam   man   mat   mad   math  madh  mash  mazh  maj   mach  max   mak   mag   ma
mem   men   met   med   meth  medh  mesh  mezh  mej   mech  mex   mek   meg   me
mæm   mæn   mæt   mæd   mæth  mædh  mæsh  mæzh  mæj   mæch  mæx   mæk   mæg   mæ
mim   min   mit   mid   mith  midh  mish  mizh  mij   mich  mix   mik   mig   mi
mom   mon   mot   mod   moth  modh  mosh  mozh  moj   moch  mox   mok   mog   mo
mum   mun   mut   mud   muth  mudh  mush  muzh  muj   much  mux   muk   mug   mu
.     .     .     .     mrth  .     mrsh  mrzh  mrj   mrch  .     mrk   mrg   mr

nam   nan   nat   nad   nath  nadh  nash  nazh  naj   nach  nax   nak   nag   na
nem   nen   net   ned   neth  nedh  nesh  nezh  nej   nech  nex   nek   neg   ne
næm   næn   næt   næd   næth  nædh  næsh  næzh  næj   næch  næx   næk   næg   næ
nim   nin   nit   nid   nith  nidh  nish  nizh  nij   nich  nix   nik   nig   ni
nom   non   not   nod   noth  nodh  nosh  nozh  noj   noch  nox   nok   nog   no
num   nun   nut   nud   nuth  nudh  nush  nuzh  nuj   nuch  nux   nuk   nug   nu
.     .     nrt   nrd   nrth  nrdh  nrsh  nrzh  nrj   nrch  .     nrk   nrg   nr

tam   tan   tat   tad   tath  tadh  tash  tazh  taj   tach  tax   tak   tag   ta
tem   ten   tet   ted   teth  tedh  tesh  tezh  tej   tech  tex   tek   teg   te
tæm   tæn   tæt   tæd   tæth  tædh  tæsh  tæzh  tæj   tæch  tæx   tæk   tæg   tæ
tim   tin   tit   tid   tith  tidh  tish  tizh  tij   tich  tix   tik   tig   ti
tom   ton   tot   tod   toth  todh  tosh  tozh  toj   toch  tox   tok   tog   to
tum   tun   tut   tud   tuth  tudh  tush  tuzh  tuj   tuch  tux   tuk   tug   tu
.     trn   trt   trd   trth  trdh  trsh  trzh  trj   trch  trx   trk   trg   tr

dam   dan   dat   dad   dath  dadh  dash  dazh  daj   dach  dax   dak   dag   da
dem   den   det   ded   deth  dedh  desh  dezh  dej   dech  dex   dek   deg   de
dæm   dæn   dæt   dæd   dæth  dædh  dæsh  dæzh  dæj   dæch  dæx   dæk   dæg   dæ
dim   din   dit   did   dith  didh  dish  dizh  dij   dich  dix   dik   dig   di
dom   don   dot   dod   doth  dodh  dosh  dozh  doj   doch  dox   dok   dog   do
dum   dun   dut   dud   duth  dudh  dush  duzh  duj   duch  dux   duk   dug   du
.     drn   drt   drd   drth  drdh  drsh  drzh  drj   drch  drx   drk   drg   dr
dlm   .     dlt   .     dlth  dlch  dlk         dlg   dl

tham  than  that  thad  thath thadh thash thazh thaj  thach thax  thak  thag  tha
them  then  thet  thed  theth thedh thesh thezh thej  thech thex  thek  theg  the
thæm  thæn  thæt  thæd  thæth thædh thæsh thæzh thæj  thæch thæx  thæk  thæg  thæ
thim  thin  thit  thid  thith thidh thish thizh thij  thich thix  thik  thig  thi
thom  thon  thot  thod  thoth thodh thosh thozh thoj  thoch thox  thok  thog  tho
thum  thun  thut  thud  thuth thudh thush thuzh thuj  thuch thux  thuk  thug  thu
thrm  thrn  thrt  thrd  thrth thrdh thrsh thrzh thrj  thrch thrx  thrk  thrg  thr

dham  dhan  dhat  dhad  dhath dhadh dhash dhazh dhaj  dhach dhax  dhak  dhag  dha
dhem  dhen  dhet  dhed  dheth dhedh dhesh dhezh dhej  dhech dhex  dhek  dheg  dhe
dhæm  dhæn  dhæt  dhæd  dhæth dhædh dhæsh dhæzh dhæj  dhæch dhæx  dhæk  dhæg  dhæ
dhim  dhin  dhit  dhid  dhith dhidh dhish dhizh dhij  dhich dhix  dhik  dhig  dhi
dhom  dhon  dhot  dhod  dhoth dhodh dhosh dhozh dhoj  dhoch dhox  dhok  dhog  dho
dhum  dhun  dhut  dhud  dhuth dhudh dhush dhuzh dhuj  dhuch dhux  dhuk  dhug  dhu
dhrm  dhrn  dhrt  dhrd  dhrth dhrdh dhrsh dhrzh dhrj  dhrch       dhrk  dhrg  dhr

sham  shan  shat  shad  shath shadh shash shazh shaj  shach shax  shak  shag  sha
shem  shen  shet  shed  sheth shedh shesh shezh shej  shech shex  shek  sheg  she
shæm  shæn  shæt  shæd  shæth shædh shæsh shæzh shæj  shæch shæx  shæk  shæg  shæ
shim  shin  shit  shid  shith shidh shish shizh shij  shich shix  shik  shig  shi
shom  shon  shot  shod  shoth shodh shosh shozh shoj  shoch shox  shok  shog  sho
shum  shun  shut  shud  shuth shudh shush shuzh shuj  shuch shux  shuk  shug  shu
shrm  shrn  shrt  shrd  shrth .     shrsh shrzh shrj  shrch shrx  shrk  shrg  shr
shlm  shln  shlt  shld  shlth shlch shlk  shlzh shlg  shl

zham  zhan  zhat  zhad  zhath zhadh zhash zhazh zhaj  zhach zhax  zhak  zhag  zha
zhem  zhen  zhet  zhed  zheth zhedh zhesh zhezh zhej  zhech zhex  zhek  zheg  zhe
zhæm  zhæn  zhæt  zhæd  zhæth zhædh zhæsh zhæzh zhæj  zhæch zhæx  zhæk  zhæg  zhæ
zhim  zhin  zhit  zhid  zhith zhidh zhish zhizh zhij  zhich zhix  zhik  zhig  zhi
zhom  zhon  zhot  zhod  zhoth zhodh zhosh zhozh zhoj  zhoch zhox  zhok  zhog  zho
zhum  zhun  zhut  zhud  zhuth zhudh zhush zhuzh zhuj  zhuch zhux  zhuk  zhug  zhu
zhrm  zhrn  zhrt  zhrd  zhrth .     zhrsh zhrzh zhrj  zhrch zhrx  zhrk  zhrg  zhr
zhlm  zhln  zhlt  zhld  zhlth zhlch zhlk  zhlzh zhlg  zhl

cham  chan  chat  chad  chath chadh chash chazh chaj  chach chax  chak  chag  cha
chem  chen  chet  ched  cheth chedh chesh chezh chej  chech chex  chek  cheg  che
chæm  chæn  chæt  chæd  chæth chædh chæsh chæzh chæj  chæch chæx  chæk  chæg  chæ
chim  chin  chit  chid  chith chidh chish chizh chij  chich chix  chik  chig  chi
chom  chon  chot  chod  choth chodh chosh chozh choj  choch chox  chok  chog  cho
chum  chun  chut  chud  chuth chudh chush chuzh chuj  chuch chux  chuk  chug  chu
chrm  chrn  chrt  chrd  chrth chrdh chrsh chrzh .     chrch chrx  chrk  chrg  chr
chlm  chln  chlt  chld  chlth chlch .           .     chl

jam   jan   jat   jad   jath  jadh  jash  jazh  jaj   jach  jax   jak   jag   ja
jem   jen   jet   jed   jeth  jedh  jesh  jezh  jej   jech  jex   jek   jeg   je
jæm   jæn   jæt   jæd   jæth  jædh  jæsh  jæzh  jæj   jæch  jæx   jæk   jæg   jæ
jim   jin   jit   jid   jith  jidh  jish  jizh  jij   jich  jix   jik   jig   ji
jom   jon   jot   jod   joth  jodh  josh  jozh  joj   joch  jox   jok   jog   jo
jum   jun   jut   jud   juth  judh  jush  juzh  juj   juch  jux   juk   jug   ju
jrm   jrn   jrt   jrd   jrth  jrdh  jrsh        .     jrch  .     jrk   jrg   jr

xam   xan   xat   xad   xath  xadh  xash  xazh  xaj   xach  xax   xak   xag   xa
xem   xen   xet   xed   xeth  xedh  xesh  xizh  xej   xech  xex   xek   xeg   xe
xæm   xæn   xæt   xæd   xæth  xædh  xæsh  xæzh  xæj   xæch  xæx   xæk   xæg   xæ
xim   xin   xit   xid   xith  xidh  xish  xizh  xij   xich  xix   xik   xig   xi
xom   xon   xot   xod   xoth  xodh  xosh  xozh  xoj   xoch  xox   xok   xog   xo
xum   xun   xut   xud   xuth  xudh  xush  xuzh  xuj   xuch  xux   xuk   xug   xu

kam   kan   kat   kad   kath  kadh  kash  kazh  kaj   kach  kax   kak   kag   ka
kem   ken   ket   ked   keth  kedh  kesh  kezh  kej   kech  kex   kek   keg   ke
kæm   kæn   kæt   kæd   kæth  kædh  kæsh  kæzh  kæj   kæch  kæx   kæk   kæg   kæ
kim   kin   kit   kid   kith  kidh  kish  kizh  kij   kich  kix   kik   kig   ki
kom   kon   kot   kod   koth  kodh  kosh  kozh  koj   koch  kox   kok   kog   ko
kum   kun   kut   kud   kuth  kudh  kush  kuzh  kuj   kuch  kux   kuk   kug   ku
krm   krn   krt   krd   krth  krdh  krsh  krzh  krj   krch  krx   krk   krg   kr

gam   gan   gat   gad   gath  gadh  gash  gazh  gaj   gach  gax   gak   gag   ga
gem   gen   get   ged   geth  gedh  gesh  gezh  gej   gech  gex   gek   geg   ge
gæm   gæn   gæt   gæd   gæth  gædh  gæsh  gæzh  gæj   gæch  gæx   gæk   gæg   gæ
gim   gin   git   gid   gith  gidh  gish  gizh  gij   gich  gix   gik   gig   gi
gom   gon   got   god   goth  godh  gosh  gozh  goj   goch  gox   gok   gog   go
gum   gun   gut   gud   guth  gudh  gush  guzh  guj   guch  gux   guk   gug   gu
grm   grn   grt   grd   grth  grdh  grsh  grzh  grj   grch  grx   grk   grg   gr
glm   gln   glt   gld   glth  .     .           .     glch  .     glk   glg   gl